1404. Brenner, I., Shephard, R.J., & Shek, P.N. (1999). Immune function in hyperbaric environments, diving and decompression. Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine 26: 27-39.

1405. Shore, S., Shinkai, S., Rhind, S. & Shephard, R.J. (1999). Immune responses to training: How critical is training volume? J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness 39: 1-11.

1406. Shephard, R.J. (1999). Evidence- based treatment, an appropriate choice in adapted physical activity? In:
Proceedings, 11th International Symposium for Adapted Physical Activiy, Eds. D. Drouin, C. Lepine, C. Simard.  Laval University, Quebec, pp. 336-341.

1407. Suzui, M., Nagao, F., Takeda, K., Yagita, H., Okumura, K., Rhind, S.G., Gannon, G.A., Shek, P.N., Shephard, R.J. (1999). Do temporary anaerobic efforts open the window of natural killer cell cytotoxicity?  Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 31: S61 (abstr.).

1408. Gannon, G.A., Rhind, S.G., Shek, P.N., Shephard, R.J. (1999). Opioid antagonism during prolonged moderate intensity exercise: Effects on circulating leucocyte and lymphocyte subset mobilization. Med. Sci.  Sports Exerc. 31: S62 (abstr.).

1409. Rhind, S.G., Gannon, G.A., Brenner, I.K.M., Natale, V.M., Shek, P.N., Shephard, R.J. (1999).  Contribution of hyperthermia to exercise-induced lymphocyte subset redistribution. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 31: S62 (abstr.).

1410. Trudeau, F., Espindola, R., Laurencelle, L., Dulac, F., Rajic, M., Shephard, R.J. (1999). A health-related fitness and risk factor follow-up of the Trois Rivieres Growth and Development Study. Med. Sci.  Sports Exerc. 31: S 175 (abstr.).

1411. Shephard, R.J. (1999). The 1997 Nagano Symposium on Sports Science by H. Nose, E.R. Nade. & T. Morimoto.  Book Review. Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 24: 290- 291.

1412. Shephard, R.J. (1999). Advances in Exercise Immunology, by. L. Mackinnon. Book Review. Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 24: 291-292.

1413. Shephard, R.J. (1999). Biochemistry of Exercise X. by M. Hargreaves & M. Thompson. Book Review. Can. J.
Appl. Physiol. 24: 292-293.

1414. Rhind, S.G., Gannon, G.A., Suzui, M., Shephard, R.J., Shek, P.N. (1999). Indomethacin inhibits circulating PGE2 and reverses postexercise suppression of natural killer cell activity. Am. J. Physiol. 276: R1496-1505.

1415. Shephard, R.J. & Shek, P.N. (1999). Exercise, immunity, and susceptibility to infection: A j-shaped relationship? Physician and Sportsmedicine 27 (6) 47-71.

1416. Shephard, R.J.(1999). Gender differences in metabolism: Practical and nutritional implications, by Mark Tarnopolsky. Book Review. Can. J. Appl. Physiol.  24: 387.

1417. Shephard, R.J(1999). Corporate Wellness. Current Comment. Indianapolis: American College of Sports Medicine, April 1999.

1418. Tremblay, M., Shephard, R.J., and Wilms, J.D. (1999). The Canadian Quality Physical Education Longitudinal Study. Ped. Exerc. Sci. 11: 268 (abstr.).

1419. Rhind, S. G., G. A. Gannon, P. N. Shek, I. K. M. Brenner, Y. Severs, J. Zamecnik, V. M. Natale, R. M., A. Buguet, R. J. Shephard and M.W. Radomski (1999).  Contribution of exertional hyperthermia to sympathoadrenal-mediated lymphocyte subset redistribution. J. Appl. Physiol., 87: 1178-1185.

1420. Brenner, I.K.M., Castellani, J.W., Gabaree, C., Young, A.J. Zamecnik, J., Shephard, R.J., & Shek, P.N.  (1999). Immune changes in humans during cold exposure: effects of prior heating and exercise. J. Appl.  Physiol. 87: 699-710.

1421. Shephard, R.J. (1999). The metabolic basis of performnce in exercise and sport, by D.R. Lamb & R.  Murray. Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 24: 416-417 (book review).

1422. Shephard, R.J. (1999). Physical activity and aging: Some ecological perspectives. Journal of Human Ecology, Special Issue # 8: 93-108. (also published as book: Ecology of Aging, ed. A. Siniarska & N. Wolanski, Delhi, Kamla- Raj Enterprises.

1423. Shephard, R.J. (1999). Aging and Working Capacity in relation to environment. Journal of Human Ecology, Special Issue # 8: 109-122. (also published as book: Ecology of Aging, ed. A. Siniarska & N. Wolanski, Delhi, Kamla- Raj Enterprises.

1424. Brenner, I.K.M., Natale, V.M., Vasiliou, P., Moldoveanu, A., Shek, P.N. & Shephard, R.J. (1999).  Impact of three different types of exercise on components of the inflammatory response. Eur. J. Appl.  Physiol. 80: 452-460.

1425. Shephard, R.J. (1999). Minimizing the practical problems of world-wide soccer competition: management of heat exposure and a shift in circadian rhythms.  Science et Sports 14: 248-253.

1426. Shephard, R.J. (1999). Postmodernism and adapted physical activity: A new gnostic heresy? Adapt. Phys.  Activ. Quart. 16: 331-343.

1427. Shephard, R.J. (1999). Age and physical work capacity. Exp. Aging Research 25: 331-343.

1428. Shephard, R.J., Castellani, J.W., & Shek, P.N. (1998). Immune deficits induced by strenuous exertion under adverse environmental conditions: Manifestations and countermeasures. Crit. Rev. Immunol. 18: 545-568.

1429. Shephard, R.J. and Shek, P.N. (1999). Immune dysfunction as a factor in heat illness. Crit. Rev.  Immunol. 19: 285-302.

1430. Shephard, R.J. & Shek, P.N. (1999). Effects of exercise and training on natural killer cell counts and cytolytic activity: A meta-analysis. Sports Med. 28: 177-195.

1431. Shore, S. & Shephard, R.J. (1999). Immune responses to exercise in children treated for cancer.  J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness 39: 240-243.

1432. Shephard, R.J. (1999). The cost of active living. Promoting Health 8 (November): 24-26, 1999.

1433. Shephard, R.J. (1999). What is the optimal type of physical activity to enhance health? In: D. MacAuley (ed.)., Benefits and Hazards of Exercise. London: BMJ Books, pp. 1-24.

1434. Shephard, R.J. (1999). The athleteÍs heart. In: D. MacAuley (ed.)., Benefits and Hazards of Exercise.
London: BMJ Books, pp. 226-242.

1435. Shephard, R.J. (1999). Biology and Medicine of soccer: an update. J. Sports Sci. 17: 757-786.

1436. Shephard, R.J. (1999). Clarifying the risks and benefits of exercise training for patients with heart disease. In: Lifestyle Medicine (J.M. Rippe, ed).  Malden, MA: Blackwell Science, pp.780- 788.

1437. Shephard, R.J. (1999). Letter to the Editor. Pediatric Exercise Science 11: 421.

1438. Shephard, R.J.(1999). Microelements, water and electrolytes in sports nutrition, by J.A. Driskell and I. Wolinsky. Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 24:581- 582. (Book Review).

1439. Shephard, R.J. (1999). Sudden cardiac death in the athlete, by N.A.M. Estes, D.N. Salem, and P.J.  Wang. Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 24: 582-583 (Book review).

1440. Espindola, R., Shephard, R.J., Laurencelle, L., & Trudeau, F. (1999). Efectos immediatos y a largo plaza de la educacion fisica cotidiana: Immediate and long-term effects of physical education. Archivos de Medicina del Deporte 16: 349- 354.

1441. Kavanagh, T., Hamm, L., Shephard, R.J. Mertens, D.J., Kennedy, J., Beyenne, J. (2000). Can women benefit from exercise cardiac rehabilitation? In: J.  Jobin, F. Maltais, P. LeBlanc, & C. Simard. Advances in Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation. Champaign, IL.: Human Kinetics, pp. 85-95.

1442. Trudeau, F., Espindola, R., Laurencelle, L., Dulac, F., Rajic, M., and Shephard, R.J. (2000).  Follow-up of participants in the Trois Rivières Growth and Development Study: Examining their health-related fitness and risk factors as adults. American Journal of Human Biology 12: 207-213.

1443. Shephard, R.J. (2000). Exercise and training in women. Part 1. Influence of gender on exercise and training response. Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 25: 19-34.

1444. Shephard, R.J. (2000). Exercise and training in women. Part II. Influence of menstrual cycle and pregnancy on exercise responses. Can. J. Appl. Physiol.  25: 35-54.

1445. Shephard, R.J. (2000). High Life. A History of High Altitude Physiology and Medicine, by J.B. West.
Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 25: 79-80. (Book Review).

1446. Shephard, R.J. (2000). Science in Elite Sport, by F. Ludescher, G. Gallinger, & E. Muller. Can. J. Appl.
Physiol. 25: 80-81 (Book Review).

1447. Shephard, R.J. and Shek, P.N. (2000). Czy Wysilek Polepsza Funkcje Komorek NK? Metaanaliza. (Does exercise enhance NK cell function? A meta- analysis).  Medicina Sportiva 3: 247-260.

1448. Shephard, R.J. & Trudeau, F. (2000). The legacy of physical education. Pediatric Exercise Science 12: 34-40.

1449. Shephard, R.J. (2000). Introduction. Year Book of Sports Medicine. Mosby/YearBook, St. Louis, pp.  xv-xvii.

1450. Shephard, R.J. (2000). Prescribing exercise for female patients. Year Book of Sports Medicine. Mosby/ YearBook, St. Louis, pp. xix-xxxvii.

1451. Trudeau, F. & Shephard, R.J. (2000). Daily physical education and health. American Journal of Medicine and Sport 2: 27-33.

1452. Shephard, R.J. (2000). Quality of Life: A Key Objective in Preventive Gerontology. In:Lifelong Health and Fitness, Vol. 1.: Prevention and Human Aging. Eds.  S. Harris, W.S. Harris, & J.O. Harris. Center for Studies of Aging, Albany, NY, pp. 117-138.

1453. Natale, V.M. & Shephard, R.J. (2000). Interrelationships between acute and chronic exercise and the immune and endocrine systems. In: Contemporary Endocrinology: Sports Endocrinology, M.P. Warren and N.W. Constantini, eds. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, pp 281-301.

1454. Shephard, R.J. (2000). Exercise and relaxation in health promotion. In: Exercise for Health. Ed. J.  Shanahan. Auckland, NZ: Adis International, pp. 35-41.

1455. Shephard, R.J. & Shek, P.N. Associations between physical activity and susceptibility to cancer. In: Exercise for Health. Ed. J. Shanahan. Auckland, NZ: Adis International, pp. 57- 81.

1456. Shephard, R.J. (2000). Definiciones semànticas y fisiolõgicas. In: Shephard, R.J. & Åstrand, P-O. La Resistencia en el deporte. Barcelona: Editorial Paidotribo, pp. 3-7.

1457. Shephard, R.J. (2000). Consideraciones generales.  In: Shephard, R.J. & Åstrand, P-O. La Resistencia en el deporte. Barcelona: Editorial Paidotribo, pp. 21-35.

1458. Shephard, R.J. & Plyley, M.J. Circulaciõn periférica y resistencia. In: Shephard, R.J. & Åstrand, P-O. La Resistencia en el deporte. Barcelona: Editorial Paidotribo, pp. 86-102.

1459. Shephard, R.J. (2000). Consumo màximo de oxigeno.  In: Shephard, R.J. & Åstrand, P-O. La Resistencia en el deporte. Barcelona: Editorial Paidotribo, pp. 204-213.

1461. Shephard, R.J. (2000). Problemas de las grandes altitudes. In: Shephard, R.J. & Åstrand P-O. La Resistencia en el deporte. Barcelona: Editorial Paidotribo, pp. 510-518.

1462. Shephard, R.J. (2000). Otros benificios para la salud de la actividad fisica. In: Shephard, R.J. & Åstrand, P- O. La Resistencia en el deporte. Barcelona: Editorial Paidotribo, pp. 560- 576.

1463. Suzui, M., Nagao, F., Takeda, K., Yagita, H., Okumura, K., Shek, P.N. & Shephard, R.J. (2000).  Changes in natural killer cell cytotoxicity and adhesion molecules during incremental exercise. Med.  Sci. Sports Exerc. 32: S50 (Abstr.).

1464. Rhind, S.G., Shek, P.N., Brenner, I.K., Castellani, J.W., Montain, S.J., Young, A.J. & Shephard, R.J. (2000). Intracellular and serum cytokine profiles after 8 days of exhaustive exercise and cold exposure. FASEB Journal 14, A618 (Abstr.).

1465. Shephard, R.J. (2000). Worksite health promotion and the older worker. Int. J. Industr. Ergonomics 25: 465-475.

1466. Shephard, R.J. (2000). Aging and productivity-some physiological issues. Int. J. Industr. Ergonomics 25: 525-533.

1467. Shephard, R.J. & Shek, P.N. Effects of exercise and training on natural killer cell counts and cytolytic activity. A meta-analysis. In: Exercise and Immune Function, Roy Shephard (ed). Auckland, NZ: Adis International, pp. 37- 58.

1468. Shephard, R.J. & Shek, P.N. (2000). Does regular physical activity reduce susceptibility to cancer? In:
Exercise and Immune Function, Roy Shephard (ed). Auckland, NZ: Adis International, pp. 131-154.

1469. Kavanagh, T., Shephard, R.J., Hamm, L., Mertens, D.J., and Thacker, L. (2000). Risk profile and health awareness in offspring of parents with premature coronary heart disease. J. Cardiopulm. Rehabil. 20: 172-179.

1470. Shephard, R.J. (2000). Circadian Physiology, by R. Refinetti. Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 25: 217-218 (book review).

1471. Shephard, R.J. (2000). The Athlete and Heart Disease. Diagnosis, Evaluation and Management. By R.A.  Williams. Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 25: 218-219. (book review).

1472. Urch, B., Silverman, F. Petrovic, S., Lukic, Z., Purdham, J., Corey, P. & Shephard, R.J. (2000). Carbon monoxide (CO) exposure in runners: A comparison of fixed site, personal and carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) measures of CO exposure. Am. J. Resp. Crit. Care Med.  161: A176 (abstr.).

1473. Gannon, G.A., Rhind, S.G., Shek, P.N., Zamecnik, Y., Shephard, R.J. (2000). Inhibition of exercise-induced cytokine release by thermal clamping.  FASEB Journal 14: A619 (abstr.).

1474. Brenner IKM, Castellani JW, Gabaree C, Young AJ, Zamecnik J, Shephard RJ, Shek PN. (2000). Immune changes in humans during cold exposure: Effects of prior heating and exercise. Int J Sports Med. 21: S75-S76 (Abstr.).

1475. Suzui M, Nagao I, Takeda K, Yagita H, Okumura K, Shek PN, Shephard RJ. (2000). Does ventilatory threshold coincide with the threshold for changes in natural killer cell cytotoxicity during incremental exercise? Int J Sports Med. 21: S78 (abstr.).

1476. Shephard, R.J. (2000). Does insistence on medical clearance inhibit adoption of physical activity in the elderly? Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 8: 301-310.

1477. Shephard, R.J. (2000). Exercise for patients with congestive heart failure. In: Optimizing Heart Failure Management, ed. B. Stanek. Auckland, NZ: Adis International, pp. 71-89.

1478. Shephard, R.J. (2000). Exercise, nutrition and the older woman. Wellness for women over fifty By Maria Fiatarone- Singh. Book Review, Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 25: 328-329.

1479. Shephard, R.J. (2000). Semantic and physiological definitions. In: Shephard, R.J.& Åstrand, P.O.  Endurance in Sport, 2nd ed. Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Scientific Punblications, pp. 3-8.

1480. Shephard, R.J. (2000). Determinants of Endurance Performance. In: Shephard, R.J.& Åstrand, P.O.  Endurance in Sport, 2nd ed. Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Scientific Punblications, pp. 21-36.

1481. Shephard, R.J. (2000). Maximal oxygen intake. In: Shephard, R.J.& Åstrand P.O. Endurance in Sport, 2nd ed. Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Scientific Punblications, pp. 301-310.

1482. Shephard, R.J. (2000). Anaerobic metabolism and endurance performance. In: Shephard, R.J.& Åstrand, P.O. Endurance in Sport, 2nd ed. Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Scientific Punblications, pp. 311-327.

1483. Shephard, R.J. (2000). Problems of high altitude.  In: Shephard, R.J.& Åstrand, P.O. Endurance in Sport, 2nd ed. Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Scientific Punblications, pp. 614-627.

1484. Shephard, R.J. (2000). Medical surveillance of endurance sport. In: Shephard, R.J.& Åstrand, P.O.  Endurance in Sport, 2nd ed. Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Scientific Punblications, pp. 653-666.

1485. Shephard, R.J. (2000). Cardiovascular risks of endurance sport. In: Shephard, R.J.& Åstrand, P.O.  Endurance in Sport, 2nd ed. Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Scientific Punblications, pp. 708-717.

1486. Shephard, R.J. (2000). Other health benefits of physical activity. In: Shephard, R.J.& Åstrand, P.O.  Endurance in Sport, 2nd ed. Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Scientific Punblications, pp. 747-765.

1487. Shephard, R.J., Gannon, G., Hay, J.B., & Shek, P.N. (2000). Adhesion molecule expression in acute and chronic exercise. Crit Rev Immunol, 20: 245-266.

1488.  Moldoveanu, A., Shephard, R.J. & Shek, P.N. (2000) Exercise elevates plasma levels butnot gene expression of IL-1{beta}, IL- >6, and TNF-{alpha} in blood mononuclear cells. J Appl Physiol 89: 1499-1504.

1489. Franklin, B.A. & Shephard, R.J. (2000). Avoiding repeat cardiac events. The ABCDEs of prevention.  Physician and Sportsmedicine 28 (9) 31-58.

1490. Shephard R.J. (2000). For debate: Medical clearance: a possible inhibitor of physical activity in the elderly? Trends in Canadian thought. Science & Sports 15: 207-211.

1491. Shephard, R.J. (2000). Overview of the epidemiology of exercise immunology. Immunology and Cell Biology 78: 485-495.

1492. Marrett, L. Theis, B., Asbury, F.D. and members of Expert Panel. (2000). Workshop Report: Physical Activity and Cancer Prevention. Chronic Disease In Canada, October 2000.

1493. Shephard, R.J. & Shek, P.N. (2001). Physical activity and upper respiratory infection. In: Psychoneuroimmunology, 2 (3rd ed.). New York: Academic Press: 511-523.

1494. Katmarzyk, P., Gledhill, N. & Shephard, R.J. (2000). The economic burden of physical inactivity in Canada. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 163: 1435-1440.

1495. Brenner, I.K.M., Severs, Y.D., Rhind, S.G., Shephard, R.J. & Shek, P.N. (2000). Immune function and the incidence of infecxtion during basic infantry training. Military Medicine 165: 878-883.

1496. Shephard, R.J. (2000). Introduction. In: Year Book of Sports Medicine, edited by R.J. Shephard et al., pp. xiii-xvi. St. Louis: Mosby/Yearbook Publishers.

1497. Shephard, R.J. (2000). Can insistence on medical clearance inhibit the adoption of an active lifestyle by elderly patients? In: Yearbook of Sports Medicine, edited by R.J. Shephard et al., pp. xvii-xxvi. St.  Louis: Mosby/Yearbook Publishers.

1498. Moldoveanu, A.I., Shephard, R.J. & Shek, P.N. (2001). The cytokine response to physical activity and training. Sports Med. 31: 115-144.

1499. Shephard, R.J. (2001). Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: An Up-date. Sports Med. 31: 167-194.

1500. Shephard, R.J. (2000). The productivity of older workers: The role of exercise. Research in Exercise Epidemiology 2 (Suppl.) 54 (Abstr.).

1501. Gannon, G.A., Rhind, S., Shek, P.N.,and Shephard, R.J. (2001) Differential cell adhesion molecule expression and lymphocyte mobilization during prolonged aerobic exercise. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 84: 272-281.

1502. Kirkcaldy, B., Levine, R. & Shephard, R.J.  (2001). The impact of working hours on physical and psychological health of German managers. Eur. Rev.  Appl. Psychol. 50: 443-449.

1503. Shephard, R.J. (2001). Importance of sport and exercise to quality of life and longevity. In: Medical and Psychological Aspects of Sport and Exercise, pp.  1-18. Eds.: D.I. Mostofsky and L. Zaichowsky. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technologies.

1504. Trudeau, F., Shephard, R.J., Arsenault, F., & Laurencelle, L. (2001). Changes in adiposity and body mass index from late childhood to adult life in the Trois Rivieres Study. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13: 349-355.

1505. Suzui, M., Nagao, F., Kawai, T., Takeda, K., Yagita, H., Okumura, K., Shek, P.N., Shephard, R.J.  (2001). Natural killer cell cytotoxicity decreased during intensive training in female volleyball players.  Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 33: S78 (Abstr.).

1506. Trudeau, F., Shephard, R.J., Arsenault, F., Laurencelle, L. (2001). Tracking of physical fitness from childhood to adulthood. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.  33: S32. (Abstr.).

1507. Suzui, M., Nagao, F., Kimura, H., Matsumoto, K., Takeda, K., Yagita, H., Okumura, K., Shek, P.N., & Shephard, R.J. (2001). Changes in IL-1 alpha and IFN-gamma during incremental exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 33: ISEI Abstract 17.

1508. Shephard, R.J. (2001). Exercise in the heat: A double threat to the immune system? Physician and Sportsmedicine 29 (6):21-31.

1509. Shephard, R.J. (2001). Absoolute versus relative intensity of physical activity in a dose-response context. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 33: S400-S418.

1510. Shephard, R.J. (2001). ACSMês Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, by B. Franklin et al. Book Review, Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 26: 427- 428.

1511. Shephard, R.J. (2001). Physical activity and obesity, edited by C. Bouchard. Book Review, Can. J.  Appl. Physiol. 26: 428-429.

1512. Shephard, R.J. (2001). Sport and Exercise Pharmacology. S. Reents. Book Review. Can. J. Appl.  Physiol. 26: 429- 430.

1513. Shephard, R.J. (2001). Anabolic Steroids in Sport and Exercise, by C.E. Yesalis. Book Review. Can. J.  Appl. Physiol. 26: 431-432.

1514. Shephard, R.J. (2001). Sport Nutrition for Health and Performance, by J. Manore and J. Thompson. Book Review. Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 26: 432-433.

1516. Shephard, R.J. (2001). Free Radicals in Exercise and Aging, edited by Z. Radàk. Book Review. Can. J.  Appl. Physiol. 26: 433-434.

1517. Shephard, R.J. (2001). Doping in Elite Sport. The Politics of Drugs in the Olympic Movement, edited by W.  Wilson and E. Derse. Book Review. Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 26: 434.

1518. Shephard, R.J. (2001). Fitness for Work. The medical aspects. Edited by R. Cox, F.C. Edwards, and K.  Palmer. Book Review. Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 26: 434-435.

1519. Shephard, R.J. (2001). Advances in Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, edited by J. Jobin et al. Book Review. Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 26: 435-436.

1520. Shephard, R.J. (2001). Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, edited by S.P.Datta et al. Book Review. Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 26: 436-437.

1521. Shephard, R.J. (2001). Oxford Textbook of Sports Medicine, edited by M. Harries et al.. Book Review.  Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 26: 437-438.

1522. Shephard, R.J. (2001). The scientific method, modernism, and postmodernism revisited: A response to Bouffard. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 18: 235-239.

1523. Tremblay, M.S., Shephard, R.J., McKenzie, T.L. & Gledhill, N. (2001).  Physical activity assessment options within the context of the Canadian Physical Activity and Lifestyle Appraisal.  Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 26: 388-407.

1524. Shephard, R.J. (2001). ACSM’s Guidelines for graded exercise prescription.  Book Review: Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 26: 412-413.

1525. Shephard, R.J. (2001).  Physical activity and obesity, edited by C. Bouchard.  Book review: Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 26: 413-414.

1526.Shephard, R.J. (2001).  Sport and Exercise Pharmacology, by S. Reents. Book Review: Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 26: 414-416.

1527. Shephard, R.J. (2001). Anabolic Steroids in Sport and Exercise, by C.E. Yesalis.  Book Review: Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 26: 416-417.

1528. Shephard, R.J. (2001).  Sport Nutrition for health and performanc, by J. Manore and J. Thompson.  Book Review: Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 26: 417-418.

1529. Shephard, R.J. (2001).  Free radicals in exercise and aging.  Book Review: Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 26: 418-419.

1530. Shephard, R.J. (2001).  Doping in elite sport.  The politics of drugs in the Olympic Movement, by W. Wilson & E. Derse.  Book Review: Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 26: 419.

1531. Shephard, R.J. (2001). Quality of life in old age: A key reason for promoting “Sport for all”.  In: Sport for all and government policies. Eds.C. Simard, G. Thibault, C. Goulet, C. Paré, and F. Bilodeau.  Quebec, Sports Internationaux de Quebec, pp. 529-539.

1532. Shephard, R.J. (2001). Sepsis and mechanisms of inflammatory response: is exercise a good model?  Br. J. Sports Med. 35: 223-230.

1533. Shephard, R.J. & Franklin, B. (2001).  Changes in the quAlity of life: A major goal of cardiac rehabilitation.  J. Cardiopulm. Rehabil. 21: 189-200.

1534. Shephard, R.J., Brenner, I.K.M., Bateman, W.A. & Shek, P.N. (2001). Basic recruit training: Health risks and opportunities.  Military Medicine 166: 714-720.

1535. Shephard, R.J. (2001). Technical problems in comparing data for amle and females subjects.  In:Gender, Physical Activity and Aging, ed. R.J. Shephard.  Boaca Raton, FL.: CRC Press; 1-12.

1536. Shephard, R.J. (2001). Constiution or environment?  The basis of regional and ethnic differences in the interactions amonmg gender, age and functional capacity. In: Gender, Physical Activity and Aging, ed. R.J. Shephard.  Boaca Raton, FL.: CRC Press; 41-78.

1537. Shephard, R.J. (2001). Conclusions: Implications for Health and Society. In:Gender, Physical Activity and Aging, ed. R.J. Shephard.  Boca Raton, FL.: CRC Press; 265-282.

1538. Shephard, R.J. (2001).  How important is intensity of physical activity in a dose/response context?  In: H. Válková, Z. Hanelová (eds). Proceedings of International Conference on Movement and Health, Olomouc, pp.45-51.

1539. Shephard, R.J. (2001). Compliance- the Achilles Heel of cardiac rehabilitation programs?  Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 33: 1976-1977 (letter).

1540.  Shephard, R.J. (2001). Introduction.  In:  Year Book of Sports Medicine, edited by Roy J. Shephard et al.. St. Louis, MO.: C.V. Mosby, 2001: pp. xv-xviii.

1541. Shephard, R.J. (2001). Physical Activity dtermines the quality of life in old age.  In:  Year Book of Sports Medicine, edited by Roy J. Shephard et al.. St. Louis, MO.: C.V. Mosby, 2001: pp. xix-xxxiii.

1542. Shephard, R.J. (2002). Issues in worksite health promotion: A personal viewpoint.  Quest 54: 67-82.

1543.  Shephard, R.J. (2001).  Aging and the cardiovascular system.  Newsbeat CACRC, December 2001, pp. 1, 4.

1544. Shephard, R.J. (2002).  Physical activity and bone health. By K. Khan et al.  Champaign, Il. Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 27: 98-99. (book review).

1545. Shephard, R.J. (2002). Ethics in exercise science research.  Sports Medicine 32: 169-183.

1546. Gannon, G.A., Rhind, S., Shek, P.N., & Shephard, R.J. (2002). Naive and memory T cell subsets are differentially mobilized during physical stress. Int. J. Sports Med. 23: 223-229.

1547. Shephard, R.J. (2002). Women in Sport, by B. Drinkwater.  Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 27: 206 (book review).

1548. Seabrook, T.J., Ristevski, B., Rhind, S.G., Shek, P.N., Zamecnik, J., Shephard, R.J. & Hay, J.B. (2001). Epinephrine causes a reduction in lymph node cell output in sheep.  Can. J. Physiol. Pharm. 79: 246-252.

1549. Suzui, M., Nagao, F., Takeda, K., Yagita, H. Okumura, K., Shek, P.N., & Shephard, R.J. (2002). Changes in adhesion molecule on natural killer cell post-exercise.  Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 34, S115.

1550. Shephard, R.J., Hamm, L., Mertens, D.J., Beyenne, J. & Kavanagh, T. (2002). Influence of initial fitness on the response to cardiac rehabilitation.  Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 34, S181.

1551.  Kirkcaldy, B. & Shephard, R.J. (2001).  Occupational stress, work satisfaction and health amonmg the helping professions.  Eur. Rev. Appl. Psychol. 51: 243-253.

1552.  Shephard, R.J. & Bonneau, J. (2002). Assuring gender equity in recruitment standards for police officers.  Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 27: 263-295.

1553. Shephard, R.J. (2002). Exercise, nutrition and environmental stress, by H. Nose, C. Gisolfi & K. Imaizumi.  Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 27: 319-320 (book review).

1554. Kavanagh T, Mertens DJ, Hamm LF, Beyenne J, Kennedy J, Corey P, Shephard RJ. (2002).  Prediction of long-term prognosis in 12169 men referred for cardiac rehabilitation.  Circulation 106: 666-671.

1555. Shephard, R.J. (2002). Issues in exercise, fitness and subjective pereptions of fitness of physical education teachers. Percept. Motor Skills 95: 361=362.

1556. Shephard, R.J. (2002). Exercise under hot conditions: a major threat to the immune response?  J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness 42: 368-378.

1557. Shephard, R.J. (2002). Science for Exercise and Sport, by C.A. Williams & D.V.B. James.  Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 27: 533 (book review).

1558.  Shephard, R.J. (2002). Whistler 2001: A Health Canada/CDC conference on "Communicating Physical Activity and  Health Messages: Science into Practice.  Am J. Prev. Med. 23: 221-225.

1559. Shephard, R.J. (2002). Therapeutic effects of exercise in heart disorders.  In: Skeletal Muscle: Pathology, diagnosis  and management of disease,  V. Preedy and T. Peters (eds).  London: Greenwich Medical Books, pp. 561-572.

1560. Kirkcaldy, B., Shephard, R.J. & Furnham, A.F. (2002). The influence of type A behaviour and locus of control upon job  satisfaction and occupational health.  Personality & Individual Differences 33: 1361-1371.

1561. Kirkca;dy, B., Shephard, R.J. & Siefen, R.G. (2002). The relationship between physical activity and self image and  problem behaviour among adolescents.  Soc. Psychiatr Psychiatr Epidemiol 37: 544-550.

1562. Shephard, R.J. (2002).  Introduction.  In: Shephard, R.J., Alexander, M.J.L., Cantu, R.C., Kohrt, W.M., Nieman, D.C. &  Shrier, I. (eds). Year Book of Sports Medicine, 2002.  Philadelphia: C.V. Mosby, 2002, ppp. xi-xv.

1563. Shephard, R.J. (2002). The cost-effectiveness and cost-benefits of “active living”.  In: Shephard, R.J., Alexander, M.J.L.,  Cantu, R.C., Kohrt, W.M., Nieman, D.C. & Shrier, I. (eds). Year Book of Sports Medicine, 2002.   Philadelphia: C.V. Mosby, 2002, pp. xvii-xxx.

1564.  Shephard, R.J. (2002). The role of physical activity in successful aging.  In: Active Aging, K-M Chan, W Chodzo- Zajko, W Frontera & A Parker (eds.). Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2002, pp.2-29 + refs.

1565.  Shephard, R.J. (2002).  Cytokine responses to physical activity, with particular reference to IL-6: Sources, actions and  clinical implications.  Crit. Rev. Immunol. 22: 165-182, 2002.

1566.  Kavanagh T., Mertens, D.J., Shephard, R.J., Beyenne, J., Kennedy, J., Campbell, R., Sawyer,  P., & Yacoubi, M. (2003).  Long-term cardiorespiratory results of training following cardiac  transplantation.  Am. J. Cardiol. 91: 190-194.

1567.  Shephard, R.J. (2003). Boosting of performance in the athlete with high-level spinal injury.   Adapt. Phys. Activ. Quart. 20: 103-117.

1568.  Shephard, R.J. (2003). Adhesion molecules, catecholamines, and leucocyte redictribution.   Sports Med. 33: 261-284.

1569. Shephard, R.J. (2003).  Distinguishing capacity from power.  Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 35:  706 (letter).

1570.  Natale, V.M., Brenner, K.M., Modoveanu, A., Vasiliou, P., Shek, P.N., Shephard, R.J.   Effects of three different types of exercise on blood leukocyte count during and following  exercise.  Revista Paulista de Medicina 121: 9-14.

1571. Shephard, R.J. & Bonneau, J. (2003).  Supervision of occupational fitness assessments.  Can.  J. Appl. Physiol. 28: 225-239.

1572. Trudeau, F., Shephard, R.J., Arsenault, F., Laurencelle, L. (2003). Tracking of physical fitness  from childhood to adulthood.  Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 28: 257-271.

1573. Shephard, R.J. (2003).High altitude: An exploration of human adaptation, by T.F. Hornbein & R.B. Schoene.  Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 28: 324-325 (book review).

1574. Shephard, R.J. (2003). Exercise prescription: A case study approach to the ACSM Guidelines.  By D.P. Swain & B.C. Leutholtz.  Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 28: 325 (book review).

1575.  Shephard, R.J. (2003). Boosting of performance in the athlete with high-level spinal injury.  Adapt. Phys. Activ. Quart. 20: 103-117.

1576. Shephard, R.J. (2003).  Need to evaluate regression to the mean.  Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 35: 886 (letter).

1577. Togo, F., Oka, K., Watanabe, E., Park, H.,  Shephard, R.J., & Aoyagi, Y. (2003).  Influence of environmental changes on seasonal variations in physical activity of older individuals.  Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 35: S74 (abstr.).

1578. Shephard, R.J., Rankinen, T., & Bouchard, C. (2003).  Heterogeneity of response to aerobic treining: The influence of experimental error.  Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 37: S192 (abstr.).

1579. Trudeau, F., Laurencelle, L., & Shephard, R.J. (2003). Relationship of childhood intense, light and total activity and sedentarity to adult physical activity.  Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 37: S341 (abstr.).

1580.  Suzui, M., Kawai, T., Takeda, K., Yagita, H. Okumura, K., Shek, P.N., & Shephard, R.J. (2003). Changes in proportion ofCD56dim and CD56bright natural killer cells during intensive training.  Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 37: S381 (abstr.).

1581. Shephard, R.J. (2003).  Do the numbers add up?  Clin. J. Spts. Med. 13: 192 (letter).

1582.  Shephard, R.J. (2003). The potential for cardiac screening of young endurance athletes.  Medicina Sportiva 7: E1-E18.

1583. Shephard, R.J. (2003).  Limits to the measurement of habitual physical activity by questionnaires.  Br. J. Sports Med. 37: 197-206.

1584. Shephard, R.J. (2003). Can we afford to exercise, given current injury rates?  Injury Prevention 9: 99-100.

1585.  Shephard, R.J. (2003).  Regression to the mean: A threat to exercise science?  Sports Med. 33: 575-584.

1586. Shephard, R.J. (2003).  Evidence base of hypohydration.  British Medical Journal http://bmj.com/cgi/eletters/327/7407/113#35624 (letter).

1587.  Shephard, R.J. (2003).  Research Mrthods in Physical Activity. 4th Ed., by J. R. Thomas & J.K. Nelson.  Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 26: 667-668 (book review).

1588. Shephard, R.J. (2003). Coronary Artery Disease.  Essentials of Prevention and Rehabilitation Programs, by. P. Brubaker et al. Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 26: 668-669 (book review).

1589. Rhind SG, Gannon GA, Shephard RJ and Shek PN. (2002). Indomethacin modulates
    circulating cytokine responses to strenuous exercise in humans. Cytokine, 19(3): 153-158.

1590. Shephard, R.J. (2003). Can we keep the focus on the evidence base?  Br Med J Sept. 26th 2003. (letter).

1591. Shephard, R.J. (2003). A need to consider prior work.  Br Med J. Sept 26th, 2003 (letter).

1592.  Shephard, R.J. (2003).  Introduction.  In: Shephard, R.J., Alexander, M.J.L., Cantu, R.C., Kohrt, W.M., Nieman, D.C. & Shrier, I. (2003). Year Book of Sports Medicine, 2003.  Philadelphia: C.V. Mosby, 2003: xi-xv.

1593: Shephard, R.J. (2003). What is the physical activity message, and how are we getting it across?        In: Shephard, R.J., Alexander, M.J.L., Cantu, R.C., Kohrt, W.M., Nieman, D.C. & Shrier,     I. (2003). Year Book of Sports Medicine, 2003. Philadelphia: C.V. Mosby, 2003:     xvii-xxxvi.

1594. Shephard, R.J. (2004). Exercise and Men’s Health.  In: Men’s Health, R. Kirby, C.     Carson.R. Farah, & M. Kirby (eds). London, UK: Martin Dunitz, 2004; pp. 39-54.

1595.  Shephard, R.J. (2003). Exercise, Nutrition and Environmental Stress, by H. Nose et al.  Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 28:     927-928 (book review).

1596. Shephard, R.J. (2003). Advanced Fitness Asserssment & Exercise Prescription (4th Ed.), by V.H. Heyward.  Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 28: 928.

1597. Kavanagh T. Mertens DJ. Hamm LF. Beyene J. Kennedy J. Corey P. Shephard RJ. (2003). Peak oxygen intake and     cardiac mortality in women referred for cardiac rehabilitation. [Journal Article] J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 42(12):2139-43.

1598. Shephard, R.J. (2004). Aging. In: Clinical Exercise Physiology. Application and Physiological     Principles.  L.M. LeMura and S.P. von Duvillard (eds). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp. 549-563.
 
1599.  Shephard, R.J. (2004). Science and Soccer, 2nd ed. by T. Reilly and A.M. Williams.  Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 29: 116 (book review).

1600. Shephard, R.J. (2004). Principles of Exercise Biochemistry, 3rd. Ed. by J.R. Poortmans.  Can J. Appl. Physiol. 29: 117 (book review).

1601. Shephard, R.J., Rankinen, T., & Bouchard, C. (2004). Test-retest errors and the apparent heterogeneity of training response.  Eur J Appl Physiol 2004 ; 91 : 199-203

1602. Trudeau F, R J. Shephard, S Bouchard, et L Laurencelle (2003).  BMI in the Trois-Rivières study: child-adult and child parent relationships.  American Journal of Human  Biology, (sous presse).

1603. Shephard, R.J. (2004). Conclusion regarding musculoskeletal response to exercise is unproven.  Med. Sci. Sports Exerc 36: 740 (letter).

1604. Shephard, R.J. (2004). A need for more experimental studies of physical activity during     childhood.  Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 36: 915 (letter).

1605. Aoyagi, Y., Togo, F., Matsuki, S., Kumazaki, Y., Inoue, S., Takamiya, T., Naka, M. and     Shephard, R.J. (2004). A new method of exercise prescription based on the walking velocity of the elderly.      Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 36 (Suppl. 5), S159 (Abstr.)

1606. Suzui, M., Kawai, T., Takeda, K., Yagita, H., Okumra, K., Shek, P.N., and Shephard, R.J. (2004). Changes in plasma glutamine concentration and natural killer cell cytotoxicity during intensive training.  Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 36 (Suppl. 5) S257 (abstr.).

1607. Shephard, R.J. (2004).  Research needed to clarify the physical activity message.  Journal of Physical Activity and Health 1: 171-177.

1608. Shephard, R.J. (2004). Role of the Physician in childhood obesity. Clin. J. Sport Med. 14: 161-168.

1609.  1609.  Shephard, R.J. (2004). Altitude Training and Athletic Performance, by R.L. Wilber. Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 29, 357-358. (Book review).

1610 .  Shephard, R.J., Lankenau, B., Pratt, M., Neiman, A., Puska, P., Benaziza, H., Bauman, A. (2004). Physical activity policy: WHO/CDC.  Public Health Reports 119: 346-351.

1611. Suzui, M., Kawai, T., Kimura, H., Yakeda, K., Yagita, H. Okumura, K. , Shek, P.N., and Shephard, R.J. (2004). Natural killer cell activity and CD56dim and CD56bright cell distributions during and after intensive training.  J. Appl. Physiol. 96: 2167-2173.

1612. Shephard, R.J. (2004).  Activity, physical activity and aging.  Eur. Rev. Aging Phys. Activ. 1: 17-24.

1613.    Shephard, R.J. (2004).  Exercise Endocrinology, by K.T. Borer. Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 29; 685-686 (book review).

1614.  Shephard, R.J. (2004).  Amsterdam Health and Growth Longitudinal Study, A 23-year follow-up from teenager to adult, about lifestyle and health, by H.C.G. Kemper.  Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 29; 686-687 (book review).

1615. Shephard, R.J. (2004).  Introduction. In: Shephard, R.J., Alexander, M.J.L., Cantu, R.C., Nieman, D.C. Sanborn, C.F. & Shrier, I. (eds). Year Book of Sports Medicine, 2004.  Philadelphia: C.V. Mosby, 2004: xi-xv.

1616. Shephard, R.J. (2004).  What is an effective dose of physical activity? In: Shephard, R.J., Alexander, M.J.L., Cantu, R.C., Nieman, D.C. Sanborn, C.F. & Shrier, I. (eds). Year Book of Sports Medicine, 2004.  Philadelphia: C.V. Mosby, 2004: xvi-xxii.

1617. Trudeau, F., Laurencelle, L., & Shephard, R.J. (2004). Tracking of physical activity from childhood to adulthood.  Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 36: 1937-1943.

1618. Aoyagi, Y., Togo, F., Matsuki, S., Kumazaki, Y. Inoue, S., Takamiya, T., Naka, M. & Shephard, R.J. (2004). Walking velocity measured over 5 m as a basis of exercise prescription for the elderly:preliminary data from the Nakanojo Study. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 93:217-223.

1619.  Shephard, R.J. (2004). Invited Commentary: Does Cold Air Damage the Lungs of Winter Athletes?  Curr. Sports Med. Rep. 3:289-291.
 
1620.  Hamm, L.F., Kavanagh, T., Kennedy, J., Beyene, J., Mertens, D., Campbell, R., & Shephard, R.J. (2004).  Timeline for peak improvements during 52 weeks of outpatient cardiac rehabilitation.  J. Cardioresp.  Rehabil.  24:374-382.

1621. Shephard, R.J. (2005). The obesity epidemic: A challenge to pediatric work physiologists?  Pediatr. Exerc. Sci. 17: 3-17.

1622.  Trudeau, F. and Shephard, R.J. (2005). Contribution of School Programmes to Physical Activity Levels and Attitudes in Children and Adults. Sports Med. 35: 89-105.

1623. Shephard, R.J. (2005). Physical Activity Epidemiology, by R.K. Dishman et al.  Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 30: 122-123 (book review).

1626. Shephard, R.J. (2005). Statistics in Applied Kinesiology, by W.J. Vincent.  Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 30: 123 (book review).

1627. Rhind, S., Gannon, G., Shephard, R.J., Buguet, A., Shek, P.N., and Radomski, M.W. (2004).    Cytokine induction during exertional hyperthermia is abolished by core temperature clamping: neuroendocrine regulatory mechanisms.  Int. J. Hypertherm. 20: 403-516.

1628.  Shephard, R.J. (2005). Exercise Dose-Response Effects in Older Adults.  In: Critical Measurement Issues and Challenges in Aging and Physical Activity Research: Proceeding of the 10th Measurement and Evaluation Symposium, W. Zhu and W. Chodzko-Zajko (eds).  Champaign, IL.: Human Kinetics, pp. 23-34; 168-172.

1629. Morgenthal and Shephard, R.J. (2005). Physiological aspects of aging.  In: Physical Activity Instruction of Older Adults. Eds: C.J. Jones & D.B. Rose.  Champaign, IL.: Human Kinetics, 2005.

1630. Shephard, R.J. (2005). Does prolonged cycling of moderate intensity affect immune cell function?  Commentary.  Br. J. Sports Med. 39: 177

1631. Shephard, R.J. (2005).  Osteoporosis.  Berkshire Encyclopedia of Sports, pp. 1126-1131. D. Levinson and K. Christensen, eds. Berkshire Publishing Group, Great Barrington, MA.

 1632. Shephard, R.J.(2005).  Action plan arising from Miami meeting on Physical Activity and Heath.  Geneva: WHO.

1633. Shephard, R.J. (2005). Report on Miami meeting on Physical Activity and Health.  Geneva: WHO.

1634. Shephard, R.J. (2005). Mortality data in adult cardiac surgery for named surgeons: retrospective examination of prospectively collected data on coronary artery surgery and aortic valve replacement, by B. Bridgewater. Brit. Med. J. 330: 506-510; Commentary: Comparing cardiac mortality rates. April 1st, 2005.

1635.  Shephard, R.J. and Trudeau, F. (2005). Lessons learned from the Trois Rivières physical education study: A retrospective.  Pediatr. Exerc. Sci. 17: 6-17.

1636.  Shephard, R.J. (2005).  Towards an evidence-based prevention of sports injuries.  Injury Prev. 11: 65-66.

1637. Shephard, R.J. (2005). Exercise and cancer recovery. C.M. Schneider et al.  Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 30:371 (book review).

1638. Shephard, R.J. (2005). Growth, maturation and physical activity.  R.M. Malina et al. Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 30: 371-2. (book review).

1639. Shephard, R.J. (2005). Elucidating determinants of the plateau in oxygen consumption at VO2max.  Commentary.  Br. J. Sports Med. 39: 660.

1640. Shephard, R.J. (2005).Introduction. In: Year Book of Sports Medicine.  Edited by Roy J. Shephard et al.  Philadelphia: Elsevier/Mosby, 2005: xiii-xvii.

1641. Shephard, R.J. (2005).I Preparticipation screening of young athletes: An effective investment? In: Year Book of Sports Medicine.  Edited by Roy J. Shephard et al.  Philadelphia: Elsevier/Mosby, 2005: xix-xxv.

1642. Shephard, R.J. (2005).  Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.  A brief review of functional disturbances and potential therapy.  J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness 45: 381-392.

1663. Yosiuchi, K., Nakahara, R., Kumano, H. Kuboki, T., Togo, F., Watanabe, F., Yasunaga, A., Park, H., Shephard, R.J. & Aoyagi, Y. (2006). Yearlong physical activity and depressive symptoms in older Japanese adults: Cross-sectional data from the Nakanojo study.  Am J. Ger. Psychiatr. In press.

1664. Togo, F, Watanabe, E., Park, J. Shephard, R.J., and Aoyaji, Y. (2006). Yearlong physical activity and health-related quality of life in older Japanese adults: Cross- sectional data from the Nakanojo Study.  J. Phys. Act. Aging: In press.

1665. Shephard, R.J. (2006).  Special considerations in the older athlete. In: Clinical Sports Medicine: Medical and Rehabilitation Aspects.  Eds: W. Frontera, Herring, L. Micheli and J.M. Silver. Edinburgh: Elsevier, pp. 103-115.

1666. Togo, F., Watanabae, E., Park, H., Shephard, R.J., & Aoyagi, Y. (2005). Meteorology and the physical activity of the elderly: The Nakanojo Study. Int. J. Biometeorol. 50: 83-89.

1667. Yasanuga, A., Togo, F., Watanabe, E., Park, H., and Shephard, R.J. (2006).  Sex, age, season, and habitual physical activity of older Japanese: the Nakanojo Study. J Aging Phys. Activ. In press.

1668. Trudeau F., Gariépy I., Laurencelle L., and R.J. Shephard (2006).  Relationships between birth characteristics and physical activity in adulthood as well as physical fitness in childhood and adulthood. Proceedings, International Society for Behavioural Nutrition and Physical Activity, Boston, July 2006.

1668. F. Zarrouk, E. Bouhlel, Y. Feki, M. Amri and R. J. Shephard (2006).  Characteristics of Habitual Physical Activity and daily energy expenditure in obese and normal Tunisian schoolchildren.  Ped. Exerc. Sci.  In Press.

1669. F.C. Bull, M. Pratt, R.J. Shephard, & B.  Lankenau, (2006). Implementing national population based action on physical activity- challenges for action and opportunities for international collaboration. Health Promotion International: In press.

1670. Shephard, R.J. (2006).  Response of brain, liver, kidney and other organs and tissues to regular physical activity, pp. 127-1140 and 379-380,.  In:  (Eds: C. Bouchard et al.)  Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

1671. Yamaji, K., M. Igarashi, F. Iguchi, K. Hashizume and R.J. Shephard (2006). Running Speed at Maximal Heart Rate and Performance of Trained Adolescents. Int. J. Sports Sci. Submitted..

1672.  Shephard, R.J. )2006). Nutrition and Fitness.  Parts 1 and 2. Obesity, the metabolic syndrome, cardiopulmonary disease and cancer; Mental health, aging and the implementation of a healthy diet and physically active lifestyle.  Book Reviews.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab . 31: 328.

1673. Shephard, R.J. (2006). Childhood obesity: Prevention and treatment.  Book Review.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 31: 329.

1674. Shephard, R.J. (2006). CRC Desk reference on sports nutrition. Book Review. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.  31: 330.

1675. Shephard, R.J. (2006). Circadian Physiology, 2nd ed..  Book Review. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.  31: 479.

1676.  Shephard, R.J. (2006). Deconditioning and reconditioning.  Book Review. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.  31: 477.

1677.  Shephard, R.J. (2006).  Exercise in Rehabilitation Medicine,2nd ed. Book Review. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.  31: 478.

1678.  Morgenthal, A.P. & Shephard, R.J. (2005).  Chapter 4. Physiological Aspects of Aging. In: Physical Activity Instruction of Older Adults.  Jones, C.J. & Rose, D., eds. Champaign, IL.: Human Kinetics Publishers.

1679. Shephard, R.J. (2006).  Population-based reference standards for cardiovascular fitness: An unanswered question.  Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 38: 1535.

1680. Shephard, R.J. (2007). Worksite Health Promotion. D.H. Chenoweth. Book review.  Appl Physiol. Nutr. Metab.  32: 490  .

1681. Shephard, R.J. (2006).  Introduction. In: Year Book of Sports Medicine, 2006, eds R.J.Shephard et al.  Philadelphia: Mosby/Elsevier, pp. xiii-xviii.

1682. Shephard, R.J. (2006).  Can sports physicians play a role in controlling the obesity epidemic?. In: Year Book of Sports Medicine, 2006, eds R.J.Shephard et al.  Philadelphia: Mosby/Elsevier, pp. xix-xxxv.

1683. Togo, F., Watanabe, E., Park,, H. Yasunaga, A., Park, S., Yoshiuchi, K. Shephard, R.J. & Aoyagi, Y. (2007).  Variability in the daily physical activity in the elderly: the Nakanojo Study. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Activ.: Submitted.

1684. Yasanuga, A., Park, H. Watanabe, E. Togo, F., Park, S., Shephard, R.J., & Aoyagi, Y. (2007). Development and evaluation of the physical activity questionnaire
for elderly Japanese (PAQ-EJ): the Nakanojo Study. J. Aging Phys. Activ. 15: 398-411.

1685. Shephard, R.J. (2007). Chapter 5: Fitness of Canadian Children: range from traditional Inuit to sedentary city dwellers, and assessment of secular changes. In: G.R. Tomkinson and T.S. Olds (eds,). Pediatric Fitness: Secular Trends and Geographic Variability. Basel: S. Karger, Med Sci Sport 50: 91-103.

1686. Shephard, R.J. & Trudeau, F. (2007). Special Issue on Elementary School Physical Education. L. Locke (ed.).  Chapter 3: Research on the Outcomes of Elementary Physical Education.  Elementary School Journal: In Press.

1687. Park, H., Togo, F., Watanabe, E., Yasanuga, A., Park, S. Shephard, R.J. & Aoyagi, Y. (2007). Relationship of bone health to yearlong physical activity in older Japanese adults: cross-sectional data from the Nakanojo Study.  Osteoporosis International: 18: 285-293.

1688. Aoyagi, Y., Park, H., Yasanuga, A., Watanabe, E., Togo, F., Park, S., Yoshiuchi, K., Kikuchi, H., Kawakami, H., Morita, Y., Ono, A. & Shephard, R.J. (2007).
Interactive effects of milk whey protein (MWP) supplementation and habitual physical activity on bone health in older women: a 1-year randomized controlled trial from the Nakanojo Study. Osteoporosis Internat. Paper submitted.

1689. Togo, F., Aizawa, S., Arai, J., Yoshikawa, S., Ishiwata, T., Shephard, R.J., & Aoyagi, Y. (2007).  Influence on human sleep patterns of lowering and delaying the minimum core body temperature by slow changes in the thermal environment.  Sleep.  30: 797-802. 2007.

1690.  V. Jamnik, N. Gledhill, and R.J. Shephard. (2006). Clearance for participation in physical activity/exercise- update on the PAR-Q and PAR-medX.  CSEP Communiqué, October 2006, pp. 1-4.

1691. Shephard, R.J. (2007). Aging: Aging, Physical Activity and Health. In: Heggenhougen, K. Encyclopedia of Public Health.  San Diego, CA.: Elsevier, 2007. In Press.

1692. Suzui, M., Takeda, K., Yagita, H., Okumura, K., Shek, P.N. & Shephard, R.J. (2007). Relationship Between Cytotoxicity Of Natural Killer Cells And Overtraining Aspects During Intensive Training. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. In press.

1693. Bouhlel, E., Salhi, Z., Bouhlel, H., Mdella, S., Amamou, A., Mercier, J., Bigard, X., Tabka, Z., Zbidi, A., and Shephard, R.J. (2007). Effect of Ramadan fasting on fuel oxidation during exercise in trained male rigby players.  Diabetes & Metabolism 32: 617-624.

1694. Bouhlel, E., Souhaiel-Chelly, M., Tabka, Z., & Shephard, R.J. (2007). Relationships between maximal anaerobic power of the arms and legs and javelin performance.  J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness : 47: 141-146..

1695. Shephard, R.J. (2006). Psychobiology of Physical Activity by E.O. Acevedo & P. Ekkekakis.  Book review.  Appl Physiol. Nutr. Metab.  31: 762.

1696. Shephard, R.J. (2006). Physiological Assessment of Human Fitness, 2nd ed. by P. Maud & C. Foster.  Book review.  Appl Physiol. Nutr. Metab.  31: 763

1697. Shephard, R.J. (2006). Sport Physiology for Coaches by B.J. Sharkey & S.E. Gaskill.  Book review.  Appl Physiol. Nutr. Metab.  31: 764.

1698. Shephard, R.J. (2006). Measurement issues in aging and physical activity by W. Zhu & W. Chodzo-Zajko.  Book review.  Appl Physiol. Nutr. Metab.  31: 761.

1699. Kirkcaldy, B., Furnham, A. & Shephard, R.J. (2007).  Invited contribution, THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF ORGANIZATIONAL WELL BEING.  The impact of working hours and working patterns on physical and psychological health.  Oxford: Oxford University Press.

1700. Shephard, R.J. (2007). Encyclopedia of Muscle & Strength by J. Stoppani.  Book review.  Appl Physiol. Nutr. Metab.  32: 489..

1701. V. Jamnik, N. Gledhill, and R.J. Shephard. (2007).  Current opinion. Revised clearance for participation in physical activity/exercise- Greater Screening Responsibility for Qualified University-educated Fitness Professionals. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 32: 1191-1197. 

1702. Trudeau, F. and Shephard, R.J. (2008). Is There a Long-Term Health Legacy of Required Physical Education?  Sports Med. 38: 265-270.

1703. Shephard, R.J. (2007). Science and practice of strength training, 2nd ed. V.M. Zatsiorsky and W.J. Kramer, Book Review.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 31: 154.

1704. Shephard, R.J. (2007). Norms for fitness, performance and health. J. Hoffman.  Book Review.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 31: 151.

1705. Shephard, R.J. (2007). Molecular mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy. R. A. Walsh.  Book Review.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 31: 152.

1706. Shephard, R.J. (2007). Active living, cognitive functioning and aging. L.W. Poon, W. Chodzko-Zajko and P.D. Tomporowski.  Book Review.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 31: 153.

1707. Shephard, R.J. (2007).  Lung function tests.  A guide to their interpretation. W.J.M. Kinnear.  Book Review.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 31: 156.

1708. Shephard, R.J. (2007). Exercise biochemistry. V. Mougios. Book Review.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 31: 157.

1709. Shephard, R.J. (2007). Simplistic statistics. L. Tucker. Book Review.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 31: 158.

1710. Shephard, R.J. (2007). Writing and presenting scientific papers, 2nd ed. B. Malmfors, P. Garnsworthy and M. Grossman. Book Review.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 31: 159.

1711. Shephard, R.J. (2007). Measurement theory and practice in kinesiology. T.M. Wood and W. Zhu. Book Review. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 31: 160.

1712. Shephard, R.J. (2007). Biochemistry primer for exercise science.  M.E. Houston. Book Review.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 31: 155.

1713. Shephard, R.J. (2007). ACSM's Helath/Fitness Standards Guidelines. S.J. Tharret et al.  Book review.  Appl Physiol. Nutr. Metab.  32: 491.

1714. Shephard, R.J. (2007). Women's Health and Fitness Guide. M. Kettles, C.L. Cole and B.S. Wright.  Book review.  Appl Physiol. Nutr. Metab.  32: 492.

1715. Shephard, R.J. (2007). Fitness Professional's Handbook, 5th Ed.  E.T. Howley & B.D. Franks. Book Review.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr, Metab. 32: 785.

1716. Shephard, R.J. (2007). Scientific Evidence for Musculoskeletal, Bariatric and Sports Nutrition. I. Kohlstadt.  Book Review.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr, Metab. 32: 786-787.

1717. Shephard, R.J. (2007). Cancer Prevention and Management through Exercise and Weight Control.  A. McTiernan.  Book Review.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr, Metab. 32: 785-786..

1718. Shephard, R.J. (2007). Fitness Professional's Handbook, 5th Ed.  E.T. Howley & B.D. Franks. Book Review.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr, Metab. 32: 785.

1719. Shephard, R.J. (2007).  Pediatric Fitness: Secular Trends and Geographic Variability. G.R. Tomlinson and T.S. Olds.  Book Review.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr, Metab. 32.

1720. Shephard, R.J. (2007). Sports Nutrition: Fats and Proteins. J.A. Driskell (ed.). Book Review.  Appl. Physiol, Nutr. Metab. 32: 1215.

1721. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Physiology of Sport and Exercise. Costill D & Wilmore J.H. Book Review.  Appl. Physiol, Nutr. Metab. 33: 366-367.

1722. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Nutrigenics primer for exercise science.  Book Review.  Appl. Physiol, Nutr. Metab. 33: 367.

1723. Togo, F., Watanabe, E., Park, H., Yasunaga, A., Park, S., Shephard, R.J. & Aoyagi, Y. (2008). How many days of pedometer use predict the annual activity of the elderly reliably?  Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 50: 1058-1064..

1724. Shephard, R.J. (2007). Genetics Primer for Exercise Science and Health. S.M. Roth.  Book Review.  Appl. Physiol, Nutr. Metab. 32: 987.

1725. Warburton, D., Bredin, S.S., Gledhill, N., Jamnik, V., McKenzie, D.C. and Shephard R.J. et al. (2007). Personal trainers for obese patients  Can. Med. Assoc. J. Letter. 177: 1391.

1726. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Exercise and Men’s Health.  In: Men’s Health, 3rd ed., R. Kirby, C. Carson.R. M. Kirby & R. White (eds). London, UK: Informa Health Care, 2008. pp. 445-462.

1727. Shephard, R.J. (2007). Optimizing bone mass and strength.  The role of physical activity and nutrition during growth.  Edited by R.M. Daly and M.A. Petit. Book Review.  Appl. Physiol, Nutr. Metab. 32: 988.

1728. Shephard, R.J. (2007). The complete guide to Nutrition in Primary Care.  Edited by D. Deen and L. Hark,.  Book Review.  Appl. Physiol, Nutr. Metab. 32: 988.

1729. Shephard, R.J. (2007).  What is the minimum effective dose of exercise for health?  Letter to Editor, BMJ 334: 1080b.

1730. Shephard, R.J. (2007). Geriatric Nutrition, by J.E. Morley $ D.R. Thomas.  Book review, Appl. Physiol. Nutr, Metab. 32: 1216-1217.

1731. Shephard, R.J. (2007). Ageing Well: Nutrition, health and social interventions..  Book review,  Appl. Physiol. Nutr, Metab. 32: 1215-1216.

1732, Shephard, R.J. (2007).  A statistical caution.  Letter to Editor, BMJ 334: 1122-1123.

1733. Trudeau, F. & Shephard, R.J. (2008).  Physical education, school physical activity and school sports and academic performance.  Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Activ. 5:10. doi:10.1186/14795868-5-10

1734. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Nutrigenomics- opportunities in Asia, Edited by E.S. Tai & P.J. Gillies.  Book review,  Appl. Physiol. Nutr, Metab. 33: 145.

1735. Shephard, R.J. (2007). Peak exercise after cardiac denervation.  J. Appl. Physiol. E-commentary, 2007.

1736. Shephard, R.J. (2007). Introduction.  In: Year Book of Sports Medicine, 2007. R.J. Shephard et al., eds.  Philadelphia: Elsevier, pp.xiii-xviii.

1737. Shephard, R.J. (2007). Hype or Hyponatremia?.  In: Year Book of Sports Medicine, 2007. R.J. Shephard et al., eds.  Philadelphia: Elsevier, pp.xix- xxviii.

1738. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Exercise and independence of the very old: An update. Sports Med. In press.

1739. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Is active commuting the answer to population health?  Sports Med. 38: 751-758.

1740. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Exercise Prescription. A case-study approach to the ACSM Guidelines, 2nd ed, By D.P. Swain, and B.C. Leutholtz, Book Review. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 33: 365.

1741. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Exercise and its mediating effects on cognition, By W.W. Spirduso, L.W. Poon and W. Chodzko-Zajko. Book Review. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 33: 365-366.

1742. Kavanagh, T., Shephard, R.J. et al. (2008). Usefulness of Improvement in Walking Distance versus Peak Oxygen Uptake in Predicting Prognosis after Myocardial Infarction and/or Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Men. Am J. Cardiol. 101:1423-1427.

1743. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Limitations and adaptations. Processes of Human Adaptation. In: Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise.
Eds: Nigel A.S. Taylor, Herbert Groeller and Peter L. McLennan. Edinburgh, Scotland: Elsevier, pp. 1-3.

1744. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Topical debates: It is not economically viable to address the penalties of sedentary behaviour through primary prevention strategies. In: Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise. Eds: Nigel A.S. Taylor, Herbert Groeller and Peter L. McLennan.  Edinburgh, Scotland: Elsevier, pp. 537-540.

1745. Park, S., Park, H., Togo, F., Watanabe, E. Yasunaga, A., Yoshiuchi, K., Shephard, R.J., & Aoyaji, Y. (2008). Yearlong physical activity and metabolic syndrome in older Japanese adults: cross-sectional data from the Nakanojo Study.  J. Gerontol. (Biol Med Sci) 63A: 1119-1123..

1746. Shephard, R.J. (2009). Physical activity and other cancers in obesity.  In: Advances in physical activity and obesity. Eds: C. Bouchard & P. Katzmarzyk.  In press.

1747. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Physiology of Exercise and Healthy Aging, by A.W. Taylor and M.J. Johnson. Book Review. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 33: 565.

1748. Shephard, R.J. (2008). The Young Athlete, by H. Hebestreit and O. Bar-Or. Book Review. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 33: 565-566.

1749. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Skeletal Muscle Damage and Repair, by P.M. Tiidus (ed.). Book Review. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 33:  567-568.

1750. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Flexibility: A concise guide to conditioning, performance enhancement, injury prevention and rehabilitation. L.E. Holt, T.W. Pelham, and J. Holt. Book Review.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 33: 568

1751. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Neurophysiological basis of movement. M.L. Layash (ed.).  Book Review.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 33: 566.

1752. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Motor learning and performance: A situation-based learning approach. R.A. Schmidt and C.A. Wrisberg (eds).  Book Review.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 33: 567.

1753. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Mass ECG screening of athletes.  Br. J. Spts. Med. 42: 707-708.

1754. Togo, F., Watanabe, E., Park, H. Yasunaga, A., Park, S., Shephard, R.J. & Aoyagi, Y. (2008). How many days of pedometer use predict the annual activity of the elderly reliably? Proceedings of International Society of Aging and Physical Activity, Tsukuba, July 2008. J Aging Phys Activ 20: S35-S36.

1755. Yasunaga, A., Togo, F., Partk, H., Watanabe, E., Park, S., Shephard, R.J., & Aoyagi, Y. Interactive effects of the intensity and colume of physical activity on health-related quality of life in older adults: the Nakanojo study.  Proceedings of the International Society of Aging and Physical Activity, Tsukuba, July 2008. J Aging Phys Activ 20: S184.

1756. Watanabe, E., Park, H., Togo, F., Yasanuga, A., Park, S., Shephard, R.J. & Aoyagi, Y. Yearlong physical activity and physical fitness in older Japanese adults: cross-sectional data from the Nakanojo Study. Proceedings of International Society of Aging and Physical Activity, Tsukuba, July 2008. J Aging Phys Activ 20: S27-S28.

1757. Park, S., Park, H., Togo, F., Watanabe, E., Yasunaga, A., Yoshiuchi, K., Shephard, R.J., & Aoyajo, Y. (2008). Yearlong physical activity and metabolic syndrome in older Japanese adults: cross-sectional data from the Nakanojo Study.  Proceedings, International Society of Aging and Physical Activity, Tsukuba, 2008. J Aging Phys Activ 20:  S26-27.

1758. Kakiyama, T., Park, H., Togo, F., Watanabe, E., Yasunaga, A., Park, S., Yoshiuchi, K., Shephard, R.J., & Aoyajo, Y. (2008). Yearlong physical activity and regional distensibility of arteries in older adults: the Nakanojo Study.  Proceedings, International Society of Aging and Physical Activity, Tsukuba, 2008. J Aging Phys Activ 20:  S107.

1759. Yoshiuchi, K., Inada, S., Nakahara, R., Togo, F., Watanabe, E., Yasunaga, A., Park, H., Park, S., Shephard, R.J., and Aoyagi, Y.  Stressful life events and habitual physical activity in older adults: a one-year pedometer/accelerometer data from the Nakanojo Study. Proceedings, International Society of Aging and Physical Activity, Tsukuba, 2008. J Aging Phys Activ 20:  S183.

1760. Park, H., Watanabe, E., Togo, F., Tasunaga, A., Park, S., Shephard, R.J., and Aoyagi, Y. (2008). Yearlong physical activity and sarcopenia in older adults: the Nakanojo Study. Proceedings, International Society of Aging and Physical Activity, Tsukuba, 2008. J Aging Phys Activ 20:  S44-S45.

1761. Suzui, M., Takeda, K., Yagita, H., Okumura, K., Shek, P.N., & Shephard, R.J. (2008). Changes in Adhesion Molecule Expression on Natural Killer Cell Subsets during Incremental Exercise.  Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 40: S431.

1762. Shimura, H., Togo, F., Yasunaga, A., Park, H., Park, S., Watanabe, E., Shephard, R.J. and Aoyagi, Y. (2008). Geography and the habitual physical activity of older Japanese women: the Nakanojo Study. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 40: S486.

1763. Trudeau, F. & Shephard, R.J. (2009). Sports participation and academic achievement.  Am. J. Lifestyle Med. In press.

1764. Trudeau, F., Peot, H., Laurencelle, L. and Shephard, R.J. (2009). Daily quality physical education in childhood and adult bone density. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. In press.

1765. Shimura, H., Togo, F., Yasunaga, A., Park, H., Park, S., Watanabe, E., Shephard, R.J. and Aoyagi, Y. (2008). Similarities of habitual activity between older neighbours: The Nakanojo study. Proceedings, International Society of Aging and Physical Activity, Tsukuba, 2008. S195.

1766. Hopman-Rock, M., Ory, M., Freiberger, E., Aoyagi, Y., and Shephard, R.J. Innovative physical activity programs: The implementation challenge. Proceedings, International Society of Aging and Physical Activity, Tsukuba, 2008. S64-S65.

1767. Shephard, R.J. (2009). Is the measurement of maximal oxygen intake passé.  Br. J. Sports Med. 43: 83-85.

1768. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Mandatory ECG screening of athletes. BMJ Letter: http://www.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/337/jul03_2/a346.

1769. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Obesity and Metabolism. M. Korbonits (ed.).  Book Review.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 33: 813.

1770. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Oxford Handbook of Sport and Exercise Medicine, by D. MacAuley (ed.). Book Review. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 33: 813-814.

1771. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Hard evidence for a Central Governor is still lacking. J. Appl. Physiol. Commentary, December 2008.

1772. Shephard, R.J. (2008). What about Ethics and Genetics? Br. J. Sports Med. E-letter, September 2008.

1773. Shephard, R.J. (2008). The importance of oxygen transport, strength and flexibility
in maintaining independence of the elderly. Medicina Sportiva: 12: 165-174.

1774. Shimura, H., Togo, F., Park, H., Park, S., Shephard, R.J. & Aoyagi. Y. (2009). Geographic Distribution of Physical Activity Patterns in Older Japanese Adults: the Nakanojo Study. Med. Sci Sports Exerc. In press.

1775. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Introduction. In: Year Book of Sports Medicine, 2008; ed. R.J.Shephard et al. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Mosby: pp. xii-xvii.

1776. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Population fitness: Are we winning or losing the battle? In: Year Book of Sports Medicine, 2008; ed. R.J.Shephard et al. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Mosby: pp. xix-xxvii.

1777. Suzui, M., Takeda, K., Yagita, H., Okumura, K., Shek, P.N. and Shephard, R.J. (2009).  Relationship between Autonomic Nerve Activity and Distribution of Leukocyte Subsets during Intensive Training. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.  In Press.

1778. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Drinking policies and exercise-associated hyponatremia: Is anyone still promoting...An erroneous conclusion. Br. J. Sports Med. e-letter, Octobber 28th, 2008.

1779. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Pre-participation screening- An effective investment.  E-letter, BMJ 2008; Nov. 5th.

1780. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Physical Activity and Type 2 Diabetes by J.A. Hawley and J.R. Zierath, (eds.). Book Review. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 33: 1015.

1781. Shephard, R.J. (2008).The active female. Robert-McComb, J.J., Norman, R. and Zumwalt, M.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 33: 1015-1016. Book Review.

1782. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Tai Chi Chuan: State of the art in International Research. Hog, Y. (ed.). . Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 33: 1016-1017. Book Review.

1783. Shephard, R.J. (2010). Cardiovascular fitness: the measurement of maximal oxygen intake and its significance. In: J.W. Rippe (ed.). Encyclopedia of Lifestyle Medicine & Health.. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA. 

1784. Shephard, R.J. (2010). Cold and Exercise. In: J.W. Rippe (ed). Encyclopedia of Lifestyle Medicine & Health. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA.

1785. Trudeau, F., Laurencelle, L. & Shephard, R.J. (2009). Is fitness level in childhood associated with physical activity level as an adult? Ped. Exerc. Sci. In press.

1786. Shephard, R.J. (2009). The future of Masters Games: Implications for policy and research. In: The Masters Athlete. Understanding the Role of Sport and Exercise in Optimizing Aging. J. Baker, S. Horton & P. Weir (eds.). London, U.K. : Routledge, pp. 186-193.

1787. Bouhlel, E., Zaouali, M., Dengezueli, M., Miled, A., Tabka, Z., Bigard, X. and Shephard, R.J. (2008). Effects of Ramadan fasting on plasma leptin and adiponectin concentrations, biochemical parameters and body composition in trained young men. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Metab. 18: 617-627.

1788. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Applied Anatomy and Biomechanics in Sport. T.R. Ackland, B.C. Elliott & J. Bloomfield (eds.).  Book Review.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 34: 1264-1265.

1789. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Thermoregulation and Human performance. Edited by F.E. Mariono   Book Review.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 33: 1265-1266.

1790. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Research Methods in Community Medicine. J.H. Abramson and Z.H. Abramson.  Book Review.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 33: 1265.

1791. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Nutrition and Foitness. Cultural, genetic and metabolic aspects. ed. A. P. Simopoulos. Book Review.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 33: 1264-1265.

1792. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Pediatric Nutrition in Practice, ed. B. Koletzko.. Book Review.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 33: 1263.

1793. Shephard, R.J. (2009). Separating fatness from lack of fitness. E-letter. Br J Sports Med. 43:52.

1794. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning byT.R. Baechle & R.W. Earle. Book Review.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 34: 87.

1795. Shephard, R.J. (2008). Book Review.Clinical Exercise Physiology by J.K. Ehrman, P.M. Gordon, P.S. Visich & S.J. Keteyoan.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 34: 87-88

1796. Aoyagi, Y., Shephard, R.J. (2009). How many days of pedometer monitoring are needed? Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 41: 734. (letter).

1797. Shephard, R.J. (2009). Independence: A new reason for recommending regular exercise to your patients. Physician & Sports Medicine  37 (1) 1-4.

1798. Aoyagi, Y. and Shephard, R.J. (2009). How should objectively measured physical activity data be used analytically? Ex. Sport Sci. Rev. 36: 109. (letter).

1799. Shephard, R.J. (2009). Is it time to retire the central governor?  Sports Medicine: In press.


June 2009.