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Dr. R.J. Shephard is Professor Emeritus of Applied Physiology in the Faculty of Physical Education & Health and the Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, and a consultant in the Exercise Sciences. He was Director of the School of Physical and Health Education at the University of Toronto for twelve years (1979-1991), and Director of the University of Toronto Graduate Programme in Exercise Sciences from 1964 to 1985.
During his career, he also served as a consultant to the Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine, the Toronto Rehabilitation Centre, the Directorate of Active Living, Health & Welfare Canada, the University of New Brunswick (Fredericton), and the University of Québec (Trois Rivières). He has held academic appointments in the Dept. of Physiology and the Institute of Medical Sciences at the University of Toronto, the Centre des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Québec à Trois Rivières, and the Hôpital Pitié Salpetrière, Université de Paris, and was Canadian Tire Acceptance Limited Resident Scholar in Health Studies at Brock University from 1994 to 1998.
Prior to moving to Toronto in 1964, he also held appointments in the Department of Cardiology (Guy’s Hospital, University of London), the R.A.F. Institute of Aviation Medicine, the Department of Preventive Medicine (University of Cincinnati) and the U.K. Chemical Defence Experimental Establishment (Porton Down, U.K.).
He holds four scientific and medical degrees from London University (B.Sc., M.B.B.S., Ph.D. and M.D.) and honorary doctorates from the University of Toronto, Gent University (Belgium), the Université de Montréal, and the Université de Québec à Trois Rivières, together with the Honour Award of the Canadian Society of Exercise Physiology, the Honor Award and a Citation from the American College of Sports Medicine, and the Honor Award of the North American Society for Pediatric Exercise Medicine. He is a former president of the Canadian Association of Sports Sciences, a former president of the American College of Sports Medicine, Editor-in-Chief of the Year Book of Sports Medicine and founding editor of the Exercise Immunology Review, a former editor in chief of the Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences, Associate Editor of the International Journal of Sports Medicine, and a member of the Editorial Board of many other journals.
As a part of his research in many facets of sport, fitness,
exercise
and environmental physiology, biochemistry and immunology, he has been
author, part-author or editor of some 100 books on these topics in
able-bodied
individuals and those with various types of disability, and he has
published
over 1400 scientific papers on related issues.
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BIRTH: 1929, London, England. Canadian Citizen.
DOMESTIC STATUS: Married with two daughters
ACADEMIC STUDIES:
Downhills School, Tottenham, U.K., 1934-1936
Oakwood School, Southgate, U.K., 1936-1940
Colwyn Bay Grammar School, U.K., 1940-1946
Guy’s Hospital Medical School, University of London, 1946-1952
Open Scholarship to Haberdasher Aske School, 1940 (Not taken up owing to World War II)
Central Welsh Board School Certificate 1944 (distinction in English language, English Literature, Physics, Chemistry, Maths, History, French and Latin)
Central Welsh board Higher School Certificate, 1946 (distinction in Chemistry & Physics, credit in biology, awarded State Scholarship)
B.Sc. Special (Physiol.), 1st class Hons., 1949 (awarded University post-graduate studentship as entrant with highest aggregate mark)
M.B., B.S., 1952 (distinguished in Forensic Medicine and Public Health). Degree equivalent to Canadian and U.S. M.D. degree.
Ph.D. (Science), 194. Supervisor W.R. Spurrell. “The Carbon Dioxide Balance Sheets of the Body: Their Determination in normal subjects and in cases of Congenital Heart Disease, with a consideration of their significance”
M.D. (London, post-doctoral medical degree), 1959. "The sequelae
of segmental resection and other forms of
thoracic treatment in flying personnel”
F.A.C.S.M., 1969
F.F.I.S.M., 1971
Doctorates in Physical Education (Hon. Caus.), University of Gent, 1989; Université de Montréal, 1992'
Doctorate of Laws (Hon. Caus.),
University of Toronto, 2006 (see details).
Doctorate, honoris causae, Université
de Québec à Trois Rivières, 2009 (see photos).
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CARDIAC DEPARTMENT, GUY’S HOSPITAL, LONDON UNIVERSITY, 1952-54.
Conjoint appointments as Research Fellow to Cardiac Department and University Post- graduate Student in Physiology. Duties included the cardiac catheterization, operational monitoring, and clinical follow-up of all cases of congenital heart disease attending the hospital over this period, and basic research on cardiac and respiratory physiology in this condition.
R.A.F. INSTITUTE OF AVIATION MEDICINE, FARNBOROUGH, 1954-56.
National Service Commission as Flying Officer (1yr), and Flight Lieutenant (1 yr). Duties included basic research, and the measurement of pulmonary function, the assessment of the fitness of aircrew after segmental resection for pulmonary tuberculosis, and occasional lectures to medical officers, and NATO courses.
UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI, DEPT. OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 1956-58.
Fulbright Exchange Fellow and Assistant Professor in Department of Prof. J.J. Phair. Duties primarily concerned with effects of air pollutants on respiratory function, including industrial and domestic field survey work, and development of apparatus for the field measurement of environmental variables and of pulmonary function, with analysis of results by computer. Occasional lectures on Applied Physiology were given to graduate students in the Kettering Laboratory.
CHEMICAL DEFENCE EXPERIMENTAL ESTABLISHMENT, PORTON DOWN, U.K., 1958-64.
Appointed as Senior Scientific Officer in 1958, and promoted to Principal Scientific Officer in 1959. Duties were in the Applied Physiology Section of the Establishment, and concerned the broad range of human factors affecting the physical capacity of humans and their response to noxious agents, including problems of personality, motivation, training, and the wearing of protective clothing.
ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS SINCE COMING TO CANADA
Professor of Applied Physiology, School of Physical & Health
Education and Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics,
Faculty
of Medicine, University of Toronto, and Director of Fitness Research
Unit/Life
Style Centre, 1964-1994.
Professor Emeritus 1994-present.
Professor, Graduate School, University of Toronto, 1964-1998.
Professor of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1968-1980.
Professor, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto,
1968-1980.
Director, School of Physical and Health Education, University of
Toronto, 1979-1991.
Professor, Centre Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto,
1993-2000.
Professor, Department of Physical Education, York University,
Toronto,
ON., 1969-70.
Professeur, Dept. des Sciences de la Santé, Trois
Rivières,
1970-1978, (Directeur à temps partiel 1974-1975).
Professeur Associé, Faculté de Médicine,
Université
de Paris, 1985-86.
Resident Scholar in Health Studies, Brock University, St.
Catharines,
ON., 1994-1998.
Consultant, Toronto Rehabilitation Centre, 1968-2002.
Consultant, Gage Research Institute, Toronto Hospitals (Asthma
research),
1971-2002.
Consultant, and subsequently Visiting Scientist, Defence & Civil
Institute of Environmental Medicine 1978-2000.
Consultant, Institute for Aerobics Research, Dallas, 1993-2000.
Consultant, School of P & H.E., Brockport, NY., 1993-1997.
Consultant to Fitness Canada/Active Living, Health & Welfare
Canada, 1964-present.
Consultant to School of P & H.E., University of New Brunswick,
Fredericton, NB, 1997-2000.
Consultant to Dept d’éducation physique, Universite de
Québec
à Trois Rivières, 1997-present.
Consultant to Centre for Health Promotion, University of Toronto,
2001-2002.
Consultant to Finnish National Academy, 2001-2003.
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Editor-in-Chief, Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences, 1986-1991.
Editor-in-Chief, Yearbook of Sports Medicine, 1979-present.
Editor in Chief, Exercise Immunology Review, 1994-1998.
Associate editor, 1998-2002.
Associate Editor, International Journal of Sports Medicine,
1993-2005.
Section Editor, Medicine and Science in Sports, 1969-1975.
Member of Editorial Boards of:
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 1988-present.
Rivista Brasilia de Ciencia e Movimento, 1987-to date.
Human Biology, 1970-1988.
Ergonomics, 1975-1991.
Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, 1980-2005.
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 1984 to date.
Sports Medicine, 1984 to date.
Clinical Sports Medicine, 1990-1992.
Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine, 1990 to date.
Pediatric Exercise Science, 1989 to date.
Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 1990 to date.
American Journal of Geriatric Cardiology, 1992 to date.
Hermes (Belgium), 1973 to date.
Annali del ISEF, 1975 to date.
Revista Cubana de Medicina del Deporte y la Cultura Fisica, 1991
to date.
Acta Ciencas del Deporte, 1991 to date.
Science in the Olympic Sports (Kiev), 1990 to date.
Investigacion y deporte (Spain), 1998-to date.
Medicina Sportiva (Krakow), 1999 to date.
Injury Prevention 1999-2007.
Physician and Sportsmedicine, 1999-2002.
Clinical Exercise Physiology, 1999 to date.
Current Sports Medicine Reports, 2001 to date.
External Reviewer for Journal of Applied Physiology, Canadian Medical
Association Journal, American Journal of Nutrition, Annals of Human
Biology,
Chest, Journal of Gerontology, Journal of the American Geriatric
Society,
and many other major journals in the Health Sciences.
Founder Member, Board of Examiners, Canadian Academy of Sports Medicine.
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Research interests have encompassed the broad range of interactions between the active human subject and the environment in both health and disease. Specific foci have included:
1. Exercise immunology, including applications to prevention and
treatment of cancer, upper respiratory and H.I.V. infections, sepsis
and
burns.
2. Occupational fitness and workplace productivity, with particular
reference to equal opportunity legislation.
3. Population fitness, with special interests in circumpolar health
and the acculturation of indigenous peoples.
4. Physiological effects of growth and aging as seen in
cross-sectional and longitudinal
studies.
5. Fitness and health of the person with paraplegia and quadriplegia.
6. Impact upon human performance of passive exposure to cigarette
smoke and other air pollutants.
7. The health belief model, and its application to compliance with
exercise therapy.
8. Assessment and treatment of obesity.
9. Impact of cardiorespiratory disease upon exercise and training
responses in ischemic heart disease, congestive failure, congenital
heart
disease, cardiac transplantation and chronic obstructive lung disease.
10. Economics of fitness and health policy analysis.
11. Interactions of exercise, fitness, acclimation and the use of
protective clothing in hot and cold environments.
12. Physical ability of blind, deaf and learning disabled students.
13. Ergonomics (sleep deprivation, human rights legislation and
physiology of employment).
14. Sports Medicine.
15. Factors limiting human performance under various environmental
conditions.
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1. ADMINISTRATION.
Dr. Shephard is the former Director of the School of Physical & Health Education at the University of Toronto. He was also the first Director of the Graduate Programme in Exercise Sciences within the Graduate Dept. of Community Health, and Director of the Fitness Research Unit/Lifestyle Centre, formed with the support of the Directorate of Fitness & Amateur Sport in 1964. This programme supports up to 45 graduate students annually by research awards which in some years have totalled more than $500,000. Studies of fitness, health, environment and sports medicine have been pursued in collaboration with many Canadian institutions including (1) the Toronto Rehabilitation Centre, (2) Brock University (Industrial Fitness and Ergonomic Studies), (3) the Gage Research Institute (asthma and air pollution research), (4) the Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine (environmental physiology, exercise immunology), (5) the Toronto Hospitals (cardiac physiology), (6) the Health Science Centre, University of Québec at Trois Rivières (longitudinal studies of child growth and development), (7) Lyndhurst Lodge and the Centre François Charon, Québec (studies of disabled populations), (8) the University of British Columbia (Recommendations on physical activity to Health Canada) and (9) the Eastern Arctic Research Laboratory (population studies of the Inuit). Some 100 books and over 1400 research papers have appeared on topics ranging from pure and applied physiology, biochemistry and immune function through fitness, lifestyle, health promotion and sports medicine to industrial injury, cardiac rehabilitation, chest disease, smoking withdrawal, the effects of air pollutants on human health, responses to passive smoking, heat and cold exposure, child health, aging, adapted physical activity, sleep deprivation, the psychology of exercise perceptions and behaviour, industrial productivity and the costs of health care.
2. TEACHING RESPONSIBILITIES.
During his years at the University of Toronto, Dr. Shephard taught a variety of graduate and undergraduate courses, and supervised many post-doctoral, doctoral and M.Sc. students. He also initiated the Exercise Physiology programme at York University, and taught courses at l’Université de Québec a Trois Rivières and l’Université de Paris VI (Pitié Salpetrière). As Director of the School of Physical & Health Education, he had responsibility for the introduction of a new, health sciences oriented 4-year honours bachelor’s degree programme, and the development of the post-doctoral, Ph.D. and M.Sc. programmes in Exercise Sciences of the University of Toronto.
3. GRADUATE STUDENT SUPERVISION.
The Exercise Sciences programme developed by Dr.Shephard was the first in Canada to offer a Ph.D. in the area of Exercise Physiology. For some 30 years, Dr. Shephard supervised groups of up to 10 Ph.D. and M.Sc. candidates in a broadly based programme that included formal course offerings in applied physiology, exercise physiology, biochemistry and immunology, environmental physiology, biomechanics, ergonomics, sports medicine, fitness and adapted physical activity.
4. ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITIES.
During his years in Toronto, Dr. Shephard
served on many University of Toronto committees, including the
Principals,
Deans
and Directors, the Councils of the School of Physical & Health
Education,
of the Dept. of Athletics and Recreation and of the Faculty of
Medicine,
the Health Sciences Board, the Academic Board and the Graduate
Programme
in Community Health. As Director of the School of Physical Education
& Health, he was also ex officio
member of all committees within the School of Physical & Health
Education.
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