GLOSSARY 

Age-uke: Rising block. 
Age-zuki: Rising punch. Fist arcs up- ward.
Ate: To hit or to smash 
Bunkai: “Analysis” Detailed study of techniques and kata applications. 
Chikama: (chika-ma): "Too short." 
Choku-zuki: Straight or direct punch. 
Closed stance: Opponents have the same leg forward (e.g. right.) 
Chudan: Middle. 
Deashi-barai: Foot sweep. 
Dojo: "Way place." Training hall. 
Dozo: Please. Used when offering something. 
Empi-uchi: Elbow strike. 
Fumi-komi: Stamping kick. 
Gedan: Low. 
Gedan-barai: Low sweep.
Gi: Uniform. 
Go-hon kumite: An assault of five attacks, usually with five paces, last attack countered. 
Go-no-sen: Re-taking the initiative in kumite. (See page J-6.) 
Gyaku-zuki: Reverse punch. Punch with the hand opposite to the forward foot. 
Hai: Yes. 
Hajjme: Begin. 
Hachiji~dachi: Figure-eight stance. May be either soto- or uchi-. 
Haishu-uke: Backhand block. 
Hanmi: Half-front facing. 
Hanten: Half-turn. 
Heiko-dachi: Parallel stance. Open leg stance with heels hip width apart and toes pointing forward. 
Heiko-zuki: Parallel punch. Both fists punch together, arms shoulder width apart horizontally. 
Heisoku~dachi: Closed or blocked foot stance, toes and heels together. 
Heito-uchi: Back sword strike. Thumb side of hand used to strike. 
Hidari: Left. 
Hikiashi: Drawing front foot back. 
Hikite: Pulling hand. 
Hiraken-uchi: Flat fist strike. The fingers are bent at the first knuckles only. 
Hittsui: Knee hammer (see also "hiza-geri.") A smash with the knee. 
Hiza-geri: Knee kick, A smash with the knee. 
Hiza tate ashi dachi: Kneeling stance. On one knee. (May be found in the Rohai-dai kata.) 
Ippon..;dachi: One 1eg stance (see "mae-tsuru- and tsuru-ashi- dachi:') 
Ippon-ken-zuki: One knuckle punch. The middle joint of the index finger is allowed to protrude. 
Ippon-kumite: One-point, pre-arranged sparring. 
Jodan: High. 
Jodan-age-uke: Upper rising block. 
Jodan-ushiro-empi: High, backward elbow strike. 
Jodan-ushiro-zuki: A high, backward punch over opposite shoulder. 
Jitsu: Hard. As in the concept kyol jitsu. 
Jiyu-ippon-kumite: Semi-free, one-point, pre-arranged sparring. 
Jiyu-kumite: Free sparring. 
Joseki: Upper side of dojo. (See page A-4.) 
Juji-uke: Figure ten block. Alternate name for "kosa-uke:' (Usually open handed.) 
Kaeshi: Reverse direction. 
Kagi-zuki: Hook punch. 
Kaiten: Rotation.
Kake-ashi-dachi: Hooked stance. This stance is a form of kosa-dachi. 
Kakiwake-uke: Wedge block. A block with both hands which drive apart. 
Kakuto-uchi: Bent wrist strike. 
Kamiza: Upper seat of dojo. (See page A-4.) 
Keage: Snap kick. (Keri-age- "snap kick.") The word "kick" (keri) is understood; 
Kekomi: Thrust kick. (Keri-komi- "kick"in.") The word .'kick" (keri) is understood; 
Kensei: Fake movement. 
Kihon: Basic, fundamental. 
Kihon-dosa: Basic movement. 
Kime: Focus. To concentrate one’s energies into an ate, uchi, uke, tsuki or keri. 
Kiritsu: Stand. 
Kiyotsuke: Attention. 
Kizami-zuki: Jab. A punch with the forward hand which snaps back immediately.
Koho-kaiten: Backwards roll.
Kokyu-ho: Method of breathing.
Kosa-ashi: Crossing foot motion. 
Kosa-dachi: Cross ("X") stance. 
Kosa-uke: Cross ("X") block. 
Koko: Tiger-mouth-hand. 
Ko-uchi-mawashi-geri: Small inner round kick. 
Kudasai: Please. Used when requesting something. 
Kumite: "Meeting of the hands"; sparring. 
Kyo: Soft. As in the concept kyo, jitsu. 
Kyu: A suffix meaning level. This applies to ranks below shodan. 
Ma: Distance. (Ma-ai.) 
Ma-toma: Intermediary distance. (See page J-10.) 
Mae-ashi-geri: Front 1eg kick. 
Mae-empi-uchi: Front elbow strike. 
Mae-geri: Front kick. 
Mae-keage: Front snap kick. 
Mae-kekomi: Front thrust kick. 
Mae-te-zuki: Forward punch, same side as the forward foot. May follow a step…step is not used to add power. 
Mae-tobi-geri: Forward jump kick. 
Mae-tsuru-ashi-dachi: A form of crane stance. 
Mae-ukemi: Forward flat fan. 
Mawari: Turn. 
Mawari-ushiro-geri: Back round kick. A.back kick linked with "a turn. 
Mawashi-empi: Rotating elbow strike. (Your fist is placed on your sternum.) 
Mawashi-geri: Round kick. May be soto-, ura-, uchi-. (Usually refers to uchi-.) 
Mawate: Command to turn. 
Migi: Right. 
Mikazuki-geri: "Three-day moon kick." May be soto- or uchi-. (Usually refers to uchi-.) 
Mokuso: Meditate. 
Morote: Augment. Both hands are used simultaneously. ("Ryo-te.") 
Morote-uke: Both hands block. Both hands are used separately or one reinforcing the other. 
Mudansha: General term referring to ranks below shodan. 1-6 
Mushin: To think of nothing; a state of mental consciousness. 
Musubi-dachi: Open toe stance. Heels together, toes apart 45 degrees.
Ni: (A) In the direction of ... (B) The number two. 
No: "Of:' 
Nage: Throw. 
Nakataka-ippon-ken-zuki: Middle finger one-knuckle punch. 
Nami-ashi-uke: Inside foot snapping kick block. (Nami-ashi- "wave returning:') An inward kick with the sole. 
Naoshite: Too fix or adjust. 
Neko-ashi-dachi: Cat leg stance. 
Nidan-geri: Two level kick. A jump kick where one foot kicks and then the other; e.g. to stomach and head. 
Nukite: Piercing hand (spear hand.) A strike using the tips of the fingers. 
Obi: Belt. 
Oi-zuki: Pursuit punch. A punch linked with a forward lunge step. The lunge adds power to punch. 
Okutsu-dachi: Deep, forward rotated stance (found in Bassai, Sanshi- ryu.) 
Open stance: Opponents have the opposite leg forward; i.e. right! left.
Osae-uke: Pressing block.
Oshi-zuki: Pushing punch, setting him up for another blow. Found in the Ro-hai katas. 
Otagai: Each other.
Otoshi-empi: Dropping elbow strike. 
Otoshi-geri: Dropping kick in which gravity alone is used to create the force of the kick.
O-uchi-mawashi-geri: Large inner round kick.
Ren-zuki: Alternate punching. Punching with one hand then the other continuously.
Renzoku-waza: Continuous or combination techniques. 
Ryote: Both hands used simultaneously. (See "morote:') 
Ryote-ushiro-empi: Double backward elbow strike in which both fists draw back to the hip.
San-bon-kumite: An assault of three attacks, usually with three paces, only the last attack countered. 
San-ren-zuki: Three alternate punches. 
Sayu-zuki: A two-handed punch, fists are 180 degrees to each other. Ro-hai katas. 
Seiken: Regular fist.
Seiretsu: Line up straight. 
Seisan-dachi: Forward stance. Weight distribution 60% -40%. 
Seiza: Formal seated position.
Sen: Taking the initiative. (See page J-6.) 
Sen-no-sen: An initiative taken against an initiative. (See page J-7.) 
Sensei: Teacher. 
Sempai: Senior student. 
Shiko-ashi-dachi: Four thigh stance; square stance. 
Shiko-zuki: A punch to the side while in shiko- ashi-dachi. 
Shime: Contraction. 
Shimo-seki: Lower side of dojo. (See page A-4.) 
Shimoza: Lower seat ofdojo. (See page A-4.) 
Shizen-tai: (See "soto-hachiji-dachi:') 
Shomen: Front. 
Showa: "Enlightened peace:' Statement of attitude recited at the end of class. 
Shugo: Assemble. 
Shuto-uchi: Hand sword strike. 
Shuto-uke: Hand sword block. 
Soke: Founding family. 
Soremade: Stop everything. 
Soto: Outer (from inside to outside.)
Soto-hachiji-dachi: (See "shizen-tai:') Outer figure eight stance. 
Soto-mawashi-geri: Outward round kick (from inside outward.) 
Soto-uke: Outside block. .Block moves from inside to outside. 
Sukui-uke: Scooping block. 
Suri-ashi: Sliding foot motion.(Stance lengthens, then shortens.) 
Tate-empi: Rising elbow strike, with the palm of the fist towards the ear. 
Tate-zuki: Upright or vertical (fist) punch. 
Teisho-uchl: Heel of palm strike.
Teisho-uke: Heel of palm block. 
Te-hodoki-no-waza: Wrist escape techniques. 
Tekubi-kake-uke: Wrist hooked "block. 
Kensui-uchi: Iron hammer strike. A strike using the little finger side of the fist. 
Tobi-geri: Jump kick. 
Toma (to-ma): 'Too far:' (See page J-10.) 
Tori: Attacker.
Tsuru-ashi-dachi: Crane stance;' a one-legged stance. 
Tsukami-uke: Grasping block; a block with a grip. 
Tsuki: Closed hand thrust (punch.) 
Uchi: (A) To stike. (B) Inner. (From outside to inside.) 
Uchi-hachiji-dachi: Inner figure eight stance. Toes pointing in at 45 degrees. 
Uchi-mawashi-geri: Inward round kick (from outside, inward.) 
Uchi-mikazuki-geri: “Three-day moon kick" or crescent kick using inner edge of foot. 
Uchi-mikazuki-geri-uke: Three-day moon kick block. Crescent kick block using the sole of the foot. 
Uchi-uke: Inside block. Block moves from outside to inside. 
Uke: (A) Block. (B) Defender. 
Ukemi: Breakfalls as a means of protecting the body from injury due to sweeps and the like. 
Uraken-uchi: Backfist strike. 
Uraken-uke: Backfist block. 
Ura-mawashi-geri: Round kick outward with the heel as striking surface. 
Ura-tettsui-uchi: Back of iron hammer strike, using the thumb side of the fist. 
Ura~zuki: Close punch. Straight punch with fist slightly upward, wrist turned with the palm up. 
Ushiro-empi-uchi: Back elbow strike. 
Ushiro-geri: Back kick. A kick straight back with heel. 
Ushiro-tobi-geri: Back jump kick. 
Ushiro-mawari-tobi-geri: Spinning back jump kick. 
Ushiro-ukemi: Back flat fall. 
Yama-zuki: Two handed “U” punch; Bottom hand blocks, upper strikes. 
Yame: Stop. 
Yoko-empi-uchi: Side elbow strike in which the point of the elbow is used to strike. 
Yoko-geri: Side kick. 
Yoko-keage: Side snap kick. 
Yoko-kekomi: Side thrust kick. 
Yoko-tobi-geri: Side jump kick. 
Yoko-ukemi: Side flat fall. 
Yori-ashi: Skip step motion. (Stance shortens, then lengthens. Also called "kizami- ashi:') 
Yudansha: General term for the rank of shodan and above. 
Yumi-zuki: Bow-and-arrow punch. A punch to the side while in shiko- ashi-dachi. (See "shiko-zuki:') 
Zanshin: A mental attitude of being absolutely attentive.
Zenpo-kaiten: Forward roll. A. feet face direction of roll. B. feet face reverse direction of roll. C. Fall flat.
Zuki: Punch. Form of “tsuki” - used at the end of a compound word.